Research Compound Database

Browse our comprehensive catalog of bioactive peptides with scientific data

Research
Preclinical

5-Amino-1MQ

Also: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium, NNMT Inhibitor

Metabolic

5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule NNMT inhibitor that works by blocking the enzyme responsible for degrading NAD+ precursors in fat tissue. By inhibiting NNMT, it raises intracellular NAD+ levels, activates SIRT1 and downstream metabolic pathways, and shifts the metabolic phenotype of adipocytes — effectively reprogramming fat cells toward a leaner, more energy-consuming state.

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Phase II

AICAR

Also: Acadesine, AICA Riboside, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide

Metabolic

AICAR is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that mimics the metabolic effects of exercise at a cellular level, improving endurance, fat oxidation, glucose uptake, and metabolic efficiency without physical activity.

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Phase II

AOD-9604

Also: Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, hGH Fragment 176-191

Metabolic

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone specifically engineered to retain hGH's lipolytic (fat-burning) properties while eliminating its mitogenic and diabetogenic effects. It targets adipose tissue directly through a mechanism independent of IGF-1.

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Phase II

ARA-290

Also: Cibinetide, ARA 290, Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide

Immune

ARA-290 is an engineered peptide derived from erythropoietin that selectively activates the tissue-protective receptor complex without stimulating red blood cell production. It is primarily researched for neuropathic pain relief, nerve repair, inflammation reduction, and metabolic support in conditions like sarcoidosis and type 2 diabetes.

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Phase II

BPC-157

Also: Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin

Muscle & Recovery

BPC-157 is a pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) originally isolated from human gastric juice. It has been extensively studied for its cytoprotective and regenerative properties across multiple organ systems. Research shows significant tissue-healing effects in tendons, muscles, the GI tract, and the nervous system.

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Phase II

CJC-1295

Also: CJC-1295 with DAC, CJC-1295 DAC, Long-acting GHRH analog

Growth Hormone

CJC-1295 (with DAC) is a long-acting GHRH analog that uses a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) linker to bind to albumin in the bloodstream, extending its half-life to 6–8 days. A single weekly injection produces sustained GH and IGF-1 elevation — very different from the pulsatile pattern of CJC-1295 No DAC. Best for steady anti-aging and body composition protocols.

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Research

CJC-1295 No DAC

Also: CJC-1295 without DAC, Modified GRF 1-29, Mod GRF 1-29, Sermorelin analog

Growth Hormone

CJC-1295 No DAC (also called Modified GRF 1-29) is a short-acting GHRH analog that produces a natural, pulsatile release of growth hormone closely mimicking the body's own GH secretion pattern. Unlike the DAC version, it has a short half-life (~30 min) and is typically injected 2–3× daily for a more physiological GH pulse.

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Phase III

Cagrilintide

Also: AM833, Cagrilintide

Metabolic

Cagrilintide is a once-weekly amylin analog currently in pivotal Phase 3 trials as part of the CagriSema combination (with semaglutide). Acting on a complementary pathway to GLP-1, amylin analogs suppress glucagon, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety through different brain circuits — providing additive weight loss when combined with GLP-1 agonists.

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Research

Cartalax

Also: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, AEDG Peptide (4-mer), Cartilage Bioregulator

Muscle & Recovery

Cartalax is a tetrapeptide bioregulator specifically developed for joint health, cartilage repair, and connective tissue regeneration. Part of the Khavinson peptide family, it targets chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and connective tissue fibroblasts to restore gene expression and promote repair. Used in protocols for joint degradation, arthritis, and sports injury recovery.

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Phase III

Cerebrolysin

Also: FPF 1070, Cerebrolysinum, Cerebrolysate

Cognitive

Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide mixture derived from purified porcine (pig) brain proteins that mimics the actions of endogenous neurotrophic factors including BDNF, NGF, CNTF, and GDNF. It is approved in over 50 countries for stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive decline. One of the most clinically studied neuropeptide preparations in existence. Available as lyophilized powder (60mg vials) for subcutaneous research use.

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Research

DSIP

Also: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, DSIP

Cognitive

DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is an endogenous nonapeptide that was originally discovered for its ability to induce delta (slow-wave) sleep when infused into rabbits. It has since been found to have diverse neuromodulatory, stress-reducing, and hormone-regulatory effects beyond sleep induction.

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Preclinical

Dihexa

Also: PNB-0408, N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide

Cognitive

Dihexa is an exceptionally potent synthetic nootropic peptide that is reported to be approximately 7 orders of magnitude more potent than BDNF at promoting synaptogenesis. It was developed from angiotensin IV and is primarily studied for its ability to reverse cognitive deficits, promote neuroregeneration, and enhance memory consolidation.

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Preclinical

Epithalon

Also: Epitalon, Epithalone, AEDG peptide

Anti-Aging

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide that activates telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length. Telomere shortening is one of the primary mechanisms of cellular aging, and Epithalon's ability to counteract this makes it one of the most studied anti-aging peptides in gerontology.

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Phase II

Follistatin 344

Also: FST344, Follistatin-344

Muscle & Recovery

Follistatin 344 is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that acts as a powerful antagonist of myostatin (GDF-8) — the primary negative regulator of muscle growth. By blocking myostatin and activin signaling, Follistatin dramatically increases muscle fiber size and number. Its effects are among the most potent for muscle growth in preclinical models.

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Phase II

GHK-Cu

Also: Copper Peptide GHK, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:copper(II)

Anti-Aging

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with remarkable regenerative properties. It was discovered when researchers found that albumin from young individuals (age 20-25) could stimulate old liver tissue to produce proteins characteristic of youth. GHK-Cu was identified as the active component.

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Preclinical

GHRP-2

Also: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, KP-102

Growth Hormone

GHRP-2 is a potent synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue and one of the strongest GHRPs in terms of GH pulse amplitude. It stimulates GH release through both pituitary and hypothalamic mechanisms, producing larger GH pulses than GHRP-6 with somewhat less appetite stimulation.

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Preclinical

GHRP-6

Also: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, SKF-110679

Growth Hormone

GHRP-6 is the original synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide — a hexapeptide that triggered the entire field of GH secretagogue research. While newer GHRPs (GHRP-2, Ipamorelin) have superior selectivity, GHRP-6 remains the most studied and has additional gastroprotective properties similar to BPC-157.

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Preclinical

GLOW

Also: GLOW Blend, GLOW Stack, GHK-Cu+BPC-157+TB-500

Skin & Healing

GLOW is a three-peptide research blend targeting skin rejuvenation, collagen synthesis, wound healing, and systemic tissue repair. The dominant component, GHK-Cu (50 mg), is one of the most researched skin-repair peptides known to activate over 4,000 genes involved in tissue remodeling. Combined with BPC-157's angiogenic and healing properties and TB-500's cell migration effects, GLOW targets beauty and regeneration at the cellular level.

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Research

Glutathione

Also: GSH, γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, Reduced Glutathione

Anti-Aging

Glutathione (GSH) is the body's master antioxidant — a tripeptide that acts as the primary defense against oxidative stress, heavy metal toxicity, and cellular damage. It declines with age, chronic illness, poor diet, and environmental toxin exposure. Injectable and IV glutathione directly replenishes depleted intracellular stores, supporting detoxification, immune function, skin brightening, mitochondrial health, and longevity.

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Preclinical

Hexarelin

Also: Examorelin, EP-23905

Growth Hormone

Hexarelin is the most potent of the GHRP-class growth hormone releasing peptides, producing the largest GH pulses of any synthetic secretagogue studied. It also has unique cardioprotective properties that are independent of GH release, acting directly on cardiac tissue via CD36 and GHS-R1a receptors.

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Preclinical

IGF-1 LR3

Also: Long R3 IGF-1, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Long Arg3

Muscle & Recovery

IGF-1 LR3 is a potent synthetic analog of insulin-like growth factor-1 engineered to have significantly reduced affinity for IGF-binding proteins, resulting in a half-life of approximately 20–30 hours compared to just minutes for native IGF-1. It acts directly on muscle, bone, and other tissues to promote growth and repair.

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Phase II

Ipamorelin

Also: NNC 26-0161

Growth Hormone

Ipamorelin is a highly selective growth hormone secretagogue peptide that stimulates GH release without significantly affecting cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, or aldosterone levels. It is considered one of the cleanest GH-releasing peptides due to its selectivity.

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Research

Ipamorelin / CJC-1295 No DAC

Also: Ipamorelin CJC Combo, CJC/Ipa, GH Peptide Stack, Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 No DAC

Growth Hormone

The Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 No DAC combo is one of the most popular and well-researched GH peptide stacks. Ipamorelin triggers a clean GH pulse while CJC-1295 No DAC amplifies and extends it — together producing a powerful, natural-pattern GH release with minimal side effects.

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Research

KLOW

Also: KLOW Protocol, KLOW Blend, KPV+BPC-157+TB-500+GHK-Cu

Muscle & Recovery

KLOW is a four-peptide research blend specifically engineered for comprehensive tissue repair and inflammation control. Each component targets a distinct but complementary biological pathway: GHK-Cu drives collagen gene expression and skin/tissue remodeling; KPV suppresses NF-κB-driven inflammation; BPC-157 promotes angiogenesis and gut/tendon healing; TB-500 enables cell migration and systemic repair. Together, they address recovery from multiple angles simultaneously.

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Preclinical

KPV

Also: Lys-Pro-Val, Alpha-MSH C-terminus tripeptide

Immune

KPV is a naturally occurring tripeptide (Lysine-Proline-Valine) derived from the C-terminus of alpha-MSH. It is one of the most potent anti-inflammatory peptides identified, with documented effects on gut inflammation, skin conditions, and systemic immune modulation. Its small size allows it to penetrate gut epithelium and cross the blood-brain barrier.

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Preclinical

Kisspeptin-10

Also: KP-10, Metastin (45-54), KISS1 fragment

Sexual Health

Kisspeptin-10 is a naturally occurring neuropeptide that acts as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. It is the primary driver of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) pulsatility, making it the upstream controller of testosterone, estrogen, and reproductive function.

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Phase II

LL-37

Also: Cathelicidin, hCAP-18 active fragment

Antimicrobial

LL-37 is the sole human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, serving as a critical component of innate immunity. It possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also functioning as an immune modulator, wound healer, and anti-biofilm agent.

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Phase III

MK-677

Also: Ibutamoren, Ibutamoren Mesylate, L-163,191

Growth Hormone

MK-677 (Ibutamoren) is an orally active, non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates GH and IGF-1 secretion. It is unique among GH secretagogues in that it is taken orally and has a long duration of action (~24 hours), making it highly convenient. Extensively studied in elderly patients for GH deficiency and muscle wasting.

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Preclinical

MOTS-c

Also: Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c, Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide

Anti-Aging

MOTS-c is a revolutionary discovery — a metabolic regulator encoded by mitochondrial DNA (not nuclear DNA) that acts as a systemic exercise mimetic and metabolic hormone. It regulates glucose metabolism, increases insulin sensitivity, promotes fat oxidation, and extends healthy lifespan in animal models. Its circulating levels decline with age.

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Preclinical

Melanotan I

Also: MT-1, Afamelanotide, CUV1647, Scenesse

Skin & Healing

Melanotan I (Afamelanotide) is an FDA Breakthrough Therapy and EU-approved (Scenesse) selective MC1R agonist used to prevent phototoxic skin reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Unlike Melanotan II, its linear structure and MC1R selectivity provide a more targeted and safer melanogenic effect.

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Research

Melanotan II

Also: MT-2, Melanotan 2

Skin & Healing

Melanotan II is a potent non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist originally developed as a tanning agent. It produces rapid, deep skin pigmentation without UV exposure by activating melanocytes. It also has significant sexual function and appetite-suppressing effects through central melanocortin receptor activation.

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Phase II

NAD+

Also: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD, β-NAD+

Anti-Aging

NAD+ is a fundamental coenzyme involved in over 500 enzymatic reactions, particularly those governing cellular energy (ATP production), DNA repair, gene expression, and circadian rhythm regulation. As a direct IV/subcutaneous supplement, it rapidly replenishes intracellular NAD+ pools — addressing the root cause of mitochondrial dysfunction, accelerated aging, and metabolic decline.

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Research

Ovagen

Also: Liver Bioregulator, Khavinson Liver Peptide, GluAlaAspLys

Anti-Aging

Ovagen is a tetrapeptide bioregulator developed as a liver and gastrointestinal tract-specific cytoprotective and anti-aging agent. It belongs to the same family of short peptide bioregulators (Cytomaxes) as Epithalon and Vilon. Backed by over 40 years of Russian clinical research, Ovagen is studied for its ability to normalize liver gene expression, reduce fibrosis, improve detoxification capacity, and extend healthy liver function.

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Approved

Oxytocin

Also: OT, Love Hormone, Pitocin, Syntocinon

Sexual Health

Oxytocin is the brain's primary social and bonding neuropeptide — often called the 'love hormone' or 'cuddle chemical.' It modulates trust, empathy, pair bonding, sexual behavior, social memory, and maternal behavior. Beyond its social functions, oxytocin has documented effects on anxiety reduction, pain modulation, gut motility, sexual function, and metabolic regulation. Research applications include autism spectrum disorder, PTSD, social anxiety, and sexual dysfunction.

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Research

PEG-MGF

Also: PEGylated Mechano Growth Factor, PEG-IGF-1Ec

Muscle & Recovery

PEG-MGF is the stable, long-acting form of Mechano Growth Factor — the local IGF-1 splice variant expressed in damaged or exercised muscle. While native MGF has a half-life of only minutes, PEGylation extends this to approximately 3–5 days, making it practical for research administration.

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Preclinical

PNC-27

Also: PNC27, p53-Derived Peptide, Antitumor Peptide PNC-27

Immune

PNC-27 is an experimental anti-cancer peptide derived from the p53 tumor suppressor protein. It is designed to selectively target and kill cancer cells by exploiting the aberrant membrane expression of HDM-2 (the p53-binding protein) that is found on the surface of cancer cells but not normal cells. Research is entirely preclinical — no human trials completed.

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Approved

PT-141

Also: Bremelanotide, Vyleesi

Sexual Health

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is the only FDA-approved melanocortin receptor agonist for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors, it acts centrally through the nervous system rather than the vascular system.

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Research

Pinealon

Also: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR Peptide, Pineal Gland Bioregulator

Cognitive

Pinealon is a tripeptide bioregulator derived from pineal gland tissue that targets neuronal cells and brain tissue. Part of the Khavinson peptide family, it is studied for cognitive protection, neuroprotection, healthy brain aging, and circadian rhythm regulation. Often used alongside Epithalon in anti-aging and longevity protocols.

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Phase III

Retatrutide

Also: LY3437943, Triple GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Agonist

Metabolic

Retatrutide is a next-generation triple agonist peptide that simultaneously activates GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. In Phase 2 trials it produced the largest weight loss ever seen in a pharmacological obesity trial — averaging 24% body weight reduction at 48 weeks.

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Preclinical

SLU-PP-332

Also: SLU PP 332, ERRα/γ agonist SLU-PP-332

Metabolic

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small-molecule agonist of estrogen-related receptors alpha and gamma (ERRα/ERRγ) — nuclear receptors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and energy expenditure. It mimics the metabolic effects of aerobic exercise at the cellular level, earning it the label of an 'exercise mimetic.' Studied for obesity, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and muscular endurance.

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Approved

SS-31

Also: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131, D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2

Anti-Aging

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a breakthrough mitochondria-targeted peptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it protects cardiolipin — a unique phospholipid essential for mitochondrial energy production and cellular viability. It is the most advanced mitochondria-targeting therapeutic in development.

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Research

Selank

Also: TP-7

Cognitive

Selank is a synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin that demonstrates both anxiolytic and nootropic properties. It is approved in Russia as an anxiolytic medication. Uniquely, it combines cognitive enhancement with immune modulation without the sedation or dependence associated with benzodiazepines.

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Approved

Semaglutide

Also: Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus

Metabolic

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide that has become one of the most significant metabolic therapeutics in recent history. Originally approved for type 2 diabetes, it has demonstrated unprecedented weight loss efficacy and is now being studied for cardiovascular protection, NASH, and Alzheimer's disease.

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Phase III

Semax

Also: MEHFPGP, Semax 0.1%

Cognitive

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH that has been approved in Russia as a neuroprotective and nootropic medication. Unlike ACTH, it has no hormonal (steroidogenic) activity. It demonstrates neuroprotective, nootropic, and neurotrophic effects through multiple CNS pathways.

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Phase III

Sermorelin

Also: GHRH 1-29, Sermorelin Acetate, GRF 1-29

Growth Hormone

Sermorelin is a biologically active fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to produce and secrete growth hormone (GH) in a pulsatile, physiologically natural manner. Unlike exogenous HGH injections, Sermorelin works upstream — coaxing the pituitary to release its own GH rather than replacing it externally. This approach preserves the natural feedback loop and avoids pituitary suppression.

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Preclinical

TB-500

Also: Thymosin Beta-4, Tβ4

Muscle & Recovery

TB-500 is commonly sold as the synthetic analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), but there is a critical distinction that is rarely explained clearly: 🔬 TB-500 FRAGMENT (7 amino acids — AA 17–23): The form most commonly sold as 'TB-500' is actually a synthetic 7-amino acid fragment derived from amino acids 17 through 23 of the full Thymosin Beta-4 molecule. This fragment contains the core actin-binding domain (LKKTETQ) responsible for local tissue repair and cell migration. It is highly targeted, fast-acting, and focused on rapid local healing at the site of injury. It does NOT replicate the full systemic effects of the complete 43-amino acid molecule. 🧬 THYMOSIN BETA-4 — Full Molecule (43 amino acids): The complete Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is a 43-amino acid polypeptide naturally produced in virtually every cell of the body. Unlike the fragment, the full molecule drives broad systemic healing — including stem cell activation, angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), cardiac repair, neurological recovery, and immune modulation. It operates body-wide, not just at the injury site. ⚠️ These two forms are often marketed interchangeably, but they are NOT the same compound. Understanding which form you are working with matters for your research protocol.

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Approved

Tesamorelin

Also: Egrifta, TH9507

Metabolic

Tesamorelin is the only FDA-approved GHRH analog, indicated for HIV-associated lipodystrophy (excess abdominal fat accumulation). It stimulates GH release from the pituitary in a physiologically natural pulsatile manner and has demonstrated significant visceral fat reduction in clinical trials.

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Phase III

Thymosin Alpha-1

Also: Tα1, Zadaxin, Thymalfasin

Immune

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide that acts as a potent immune modulator. It is the first thymic peptide to receive regulatory approval (in over 30 countries) for treatment of Hepatitis B and as an immune adjuvant. It enhances both innate and adaptive immunity.

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Preclinical

Thymosin Beta-4 (Fragment)

Also: TB4-Frag, Ac-SDKP, N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline

Immune

The TB-4 fragment (Ac-SDKP) is the active anti-fibrotic and cardioprotective component of Thymosin Beta-4. While full TB-500 handles actin sequestration and cell motility, Ac-SDKP specifically inhibits TGF-β-driven fibrosis and inflammation. It naturally circulates in blood and is regulated by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme).

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Phase III

Thymosin Beta-4 Full Fragment

Also: TB4 Full Fragment, Tβ4, Thymosin β4 (full length)

Muscle & Recovery

Thymosin Beta-4 Full Fragment is the complete 43-amino acid form of TB-4, offering superior tissue repair, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties compared to the truncated TB-500 fragment.

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Approved

Tirzepatide

Also: Mounjaro, Zepbound, LY3298176, Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonist

Metabolic

Tirzepatide is an FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that has shown superior weight loss and glycemic control compared to semaglutide in head-to-head trials. It is the first drug in the 'twincretin' class and has become a cornerstone of modern obesity pharmacotherapy.

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Phase II

VIP

Also: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, VIP-28

Immune

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and immunomodulatory properties. It is naturally produced throughout the body and plays a critical role in regulating the autonomic nervous system, gut motility, immune tolerance, and circadian rhythm. Research interest has surged due to its potential in treating Long COVID, MCAS, dysautonomia, and autoimmune conditions.

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Research

Vesugen

Also: Vascular Peptide, Lys-Glu-Asp, KED Peptide

Cardiovascular

Vesugen is a short tripeptide bioregulator developed for vascular health and cardiovascular support. Part of the Russian Khavinson peptide series, it is designed to support endothelial function, reduce arterial stiffness, and promote vascular tissue regeneration. Used in anti-aging and longevity protocols alongside other bioregulator peptides.

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Research

Vilon

Also: Lys-Glu, KE Peptide, Dipeptide KE

Immune

Vilon is a dipeptide immunomodulatory bioregulator that is one of the simplest peptides in the Khavinson series. Despite its tiny size (just two amino acids), it demonstrates significant immune regulatory, anti-aging, and gene-regulatory effects. Used in longevity protocols for immune system restoration and as part of comprehensive Khavinson peptide stacks.

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